Main clutch control



Jan. 6, 1942. D. C; wlLKERsoN MAIN CLUTCHxcoNTRoL Filed oct.- 7, '1932 6y sheets-sneetfl www A SQ n www wy M1430@ .9411i Mg/kama Jan'. 6, 1942. p. c. -wrLKERsoN 2,268,916

MAIN CLUTCH CONTROL y v I vFiled 001,. 7, 1952 l 3 Sheets-Shane?. 2 y

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Jan. 6, 1942. D, ,QWILKERsoYN K y2,268,916

- MAIN CLUTCH CONTROL K Filed ocio, 7, 1932 :5 sheets-sheet 5 Patent'ed'Jan. 6, P942 f MAIN CLUTCH coN'rRoL Daniel c. Wilkerson, Detroit', Mioh.,ass`ignorjto General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., aV

corporation of Delaware v AAvvlimin October 7. 1932,'sorio1 No. cassis 520mm. (cime-,oir y invention relates to powerv transmission for motor vehicles.`

An object of the invention is to provide means to release the clutch by the action vof the gear Vshift lever as well as to effect a controlled precision reengagement of the clutch by the depression of the accelerator pedal. The invention-also contemplates the provision of simplemeans for cuttingoutthe operation of the automatic-clutchrelease mechanism Where'- Vby the car control may bein all respects con ventional.

`lelevation of a detent associated with the control The invention has for another objectan'arrangement whereby free wheeling may be had if desired by the manipulation ,of the gear shift f lever to Ysuch an extent as rto release the poweroperated main clutchbut without the employment of overrunning clutches Vor complicated operating parts and without actual Ashifting of the transmission gearing to neutral position.

As another object the invention aims to provide lost motion withiny the members ofthe gear se- ,lecting mechanism, the takingY up of which releases the moin clutch, theomtcn being held-'ont Vof engagement when the gear shifter yis moved to any of the gear ratio positions, and only be- Acomes reengaged by the action ofA the throttle operating mechanism, or the emergency action of 'fthe clutch p edal.

A further object of the invention is to protect gear ratio synchronizing devices within the transmission, by providing interconnecting controls such that the torque on the driving members yof the clutch and transmission will always be reby a relieving of the clutch `of the partsof Fig. 6.

rvtwo parts-of the modification..

Fig. 551s va `view-partly` in section and partly! in mechanism.

Fig.' 6 vis al section o n line Figs. 'land 8 represent an exploded view of two s-s of Fig. 5.

Fig.` 9 isa sectional view of Figs. and 6. Y. f

Fig. 10 is `a vertical section of the modiilcation of the view corresponding to Fig. 6.

Figs. 1l and l2 represent an exploded view of 'a modification of Referring by reference characters to the drawings, the engine of a motor vehicle is represented s by numeral 1. Ati 9 is shown the clutch housing and at II. is the housing for a transmission, the latter preferably being of the synchronized type, having sequentially'operating.friction and positive clutches in gear ratio engagement.

The engine Ahas anintake manifold la'whioh is to serve as a source of suction for a powerunit. The manifold communicates with the carburetor I5. byj means of a header |1.v Between the carburetor and manifold is showna throttle controlling lever l9. Beneath lthe iloorboa'r'd 2i of the car isa pivoted lever 23. A rod connects lever 23 with thethrottle lever I9. A -throttle operating lever linthe form of apedal 21 is pivoted at 29 tothe floorboard 2|. The accelerator pedal 21 isY connected to the lever V23 vby a link 3|. By this' means depression ofthe pedal '21 opens "the throttle. VA spring .33 is suitably anchored and connected to leverr 23 and isk operable to restore the pedal,v 21` toits `uppermost position Wherei the throttle is .in its idling position.

Onishaft therefis rotatably mounted a clutch releasing` pedal 31.

' tracted position by a spring 3 9.' Also rotatably 4mounted on `shaft 35 is `a clutch releasing jlever 4i. The clutch pedalfunctions indirectly to release the clutch by rotating lever 4| y' It so ,op'erates' by the provision of a lug 43 on anarmyot the foluton peoo1 31`whjion1ugA engages-on orxnjs Vor lever 4I. The counter-clockwise rotation of leverr 4I is operable to release the clutch'. "'Fronrthe arm 41 of lever Il a rod. extends toand engages the end of a throw-out lever 5I. VA spring 53'resists the rotation oflever Il. and restores the In thedrawings.illustratingtheinvention, Fig.

1 is aside elevation of the engine and transmission cfa motor vehicle showing the novel mechanism partly in section;

Fig. 2 is a vertcalsection through the clutch,

' Fig. 3 is asection on line 3- 3 of Fig. 1.V Fig. 4 is a. sectionon line- 4-.4 of Fig. 1`

`throw-out leverf5| after clutch release. 'Lever'l vis forked. asv shown at in Fig. 2 to engage a collar 51.' Collar 5 1 moves to the left (Fig. 2)) in clutch releasing mo'vzenien't.` Through the instrumentality of lbearing 59the collar vrocks fingers y6I about their fu1cr'a"63,` which `fulcra are carried by a plate Whichis rigidly secured to the ily- .i UNlTiezjD STATES, llPlr1fl1vT{for-Fiori' It is normally. held `in re- 2 aaoaeie wheel 61 by fastening means 58. 'I'he flywheel is secured as usual by fastening means 1| to the flange of crankshaft 13. A pressure plate 15 is located within the flywheel enclosure beneath plate 65. It has arms 11 projecting through the plate 65, which arms carry pins 18. 'I'he fingers 6| have openings 8| through which the pins pass, and springs 83 are used to prevent rattling of the fingers. Between the pressure plate 15 and the face of the ywheel is a driven clutch disc 85 which is provided with facings 81.

Normally the springs 88 mounted in cups 82 held by plate 65 engage the pressure plate-15 and hold the driven plate between the plate 15 and the face of the iiywheel. The driven plate is fastened to a hub 88 which is splined to the clutch driven shaft 8|, the latter preferablypiloted into an opening in the crankshaft as shown.

Preferably the clutch housing 8 has an inwardly directed sleeve 83 for the passage of the driven shaft. Supported on the sleeve 83 and on the hub 88 ,is an elongated sleeve 85 having an end flange 81. A bushing 88 surrounds sleeve 85 and is located within the collar 51. Surrounding and secured to the sle'eve 85 between the hub 88 and the bearing 58 is a spring supporting sleeve |8|. Surrounding the latter and midway between its ends is a ring |83 to the opposite sides of which are secured oppositely wound springs |85 and |81. Spring |85 presses firmly against the driven clutch hub, or more exactly against a ring |88 secured thereto, and spring |81 similarly engages the adjacent race of bearing 58. 'I'he assembly 83--I 85| 81 operates as a warpable unit. A guide rod vsecured to the housing 8 extends through the collar 51 and prevents its rotation.- It will be seen that the rotation of the driven hub is the same as that of the driven shaft and that the rotation of the forward ball race is the same as that of the engine or driving shaft due to the engagement with the ball race of the fingers 6| which are non-rotatably associated with the pressure plate, which latter is nonrotatably mounted within` the flywheel. The windings of springs 85 and |81 are such that when the engine shaft is overrunning the driven shaft (both turning in the same direction) spring |81 tends to wind up (reduce its diameter) and therebyI clamp sleeve 85. Spring 85 tends to unwind (increase its diameter)V and separate from sleeve 85. While both springs tend to rotate the ring |83 greater speed of the vdriving shaft causes a rotation to be imparted to the ring |83 by the spring |85 greater than is being given it by spring |81 with the result that spring |81 is wound firmly upon the sleeve 85. This causes the rotation of sleeve 85.V The function of the device thus described to effect the rotation of sleeve 85 will be explained below. In a similar way exceive speed of the driven'shaft also rotates sleeve 85.

There is employed a vacuum power operating device for releasing the clutch against the action of its clutch closingf springs 88. This device makes use of a vacuum power cylinder I3 having a diaphragm |5 to vwhich is connected a stem or piston rod ||1. The latter is connected by a cable ||8 to the end of armr45 of the above described lever 4|. 'I'he region within the power cylinder to the right of the diaphragm is at all times open to atmosphere through vents 254. A valve box |2| of cylindrical vform has a chamber |23 communicating with the vacuum chamber of the power cylinder by an opening |25. A conduit |21 connects the-chamber |23 with the intake manifold of the engine. Adjacent the junction 0f the conduit m with the mannen: la is a valve |28 having an aperture such that it may vent the' power cylinder through the chamber |23 and the conduit |21 when in the position shown. If the valve is rotated for a quarter turn the vent opening |3| is closed and a passage is opened from the manifold to the power cylinder.

The valve |28 may be operated by a button or the like |35 connected to the valve by a Bowden wire |33. It will be obvious that when the valve l is as shown in Fig. l the power cylinder is vented and the clutch is free to be engaged by its springs 88. With the button so positioned there is obviously no clutch operation by power and the car must be manipulated as usual, depression of the pedal 31 being relied on to release the clutch.

From the bottom of the valve box 2| a pipe |38 functons for a vent for the power cylinder in the use of the automatic clutch device. Suitably secured to the wall of the clutch housing as at |4| is a cylinder |43 having registering openings |45 and |45'. Registered with these openings is an opening in a fitting |41 which is secured as by welding or otherwise to the Wall of the cylinder. The end of pipe |38 is clamped by a nut |48 to the fitting |41. Within the cylinder |43 is a piston |5| having a through passage |53. The piston is biased b y a spring to a position in which the opening |53 registers with the openings |45 and |45'. The spring is made"adjustable by a threaded abutment |51 and openings |58 and |58' are provided to. maintain atmospheric pressure in both ends of the cylinder |43. A iiexible connecting element |61, having adjustable length means 6|', extends from the ange 81 to'the piston |5| whereby the piston may be pulled upwardly against the tension of spring |55 to variably close the passage through opening |53.

Again returning to a consideration of cylinder |2| shown on Fig. 1 it will be observed that it contains a; hollow piston |63. This piston has an opening |85which is intended to at times register with the opening |25 of the power cylinder. It also has an opening |51 in communication with the lower closed end of the-cylinder |2| and with the pipe |38.

Withinand engaging the bottom wall of piston |63 is a spring |68, the upper end of which Vis engaged by a disc |1| carried by a stem |13. 'I'he stern extends through the upper end |15 of another cylinder |11. This cylinder |11 may be an integral part of a casting |88 secured to the engine housing by fastening means |18. As shown in the drawings, the valve box or cylinder |2| and the body of the vacuum power cylinder ||3 are also formed as parts of this same member |88.

A spring |8| within the cylinder |11 engages the head |15 of this cylinder and also a disc |83 carried by the aforesaid stem |13. 'I'he lower wall of the piston |63 has a tubular stern |85 surrounding the stem |13 and extending through Athe bottom wall of the said cylinder |2|. At the end of this tubular stem or piston rod is a disc |81. Pivoted to the member 88 is a cam |8| A lost motion link |83 connects the throttle lever I8 with this cam. As a result of this construction, when the accelerator pedal is depressed a pull is impartedk through rod |83 which rocks the cam |8| 'and lifts the hollow piston |83. The longer extension of cam |8| permits unrestricted throttle operation after such actuation without affecting the setting of piston |53 thereafter.

This piston may also be raised by a depression of the clutch pedal 31 by means of a Bowden wire |85 which projects a wedge |81 under the .lever arm or cam 223.

disc |81 thereby lifting it. It should be explained that the spring I8|' isrelatively stiff and tends to normally'hold the piston |53 as shown in Fig. lA whereby the power cylinder is operative torelease the clutch. To drive the car when .the vacuum servo motor is operative, the power'cylinder must be vented lthrough openings |25, |65,v

land 203 into the one or the other of whichmay Vbe projected a ball 205 (Fig. by a push rod 201'having a stem 201'. This member 201 is slidably mounted in--al boss 209 of( the cylinder I2|. Also slidable in this boss is 'a plunger 2 I'|.

e e 3 and cf vslot m and rotate the contr 'nl with the lever. 235.v Y 'Ihe continued rotation causes the cam 223 'to kdepress the plunger 2I| into the boss 209 and force the ball 205 into one or'the other of the recesses of the piston I93L. The tendency Vof the lever 235 to reversely rotate under theinfluence of springs 2I3 and 231 and relieve the locking pressure of plunger 2|| is re. sisted,'because at the beginning of such motion the spring again grips theblock 2|5 and one of its ends engages theend of slot 230 and thereby jprevents the rotation of thecam 223.

-The means forl moving the arm 295 lconsists of a connection between this arm and the gear shift lever. VThe shifty lever comprises two parts, anupper manually'operable part 24| and a lower actuated part 243, there being va limited lost mo-V tion therebetween. The lower partis formed withv the ball i' the ball and socket joint, and

The plunger 2II receives the stem 201' landguides the'latter. Between thev push rod 201 and the plunger 2II lis a vspring 2|3. When the plunger 2|I is forcibly pushed intothe boss 209 the ball 205 is resiliently held by the spring 2| 3 in recess 20| or in recess 203 so that the piston v|63 is held in position. It maybe Vheld in clutch releasing position as shown in Fig. l, or it may be held in clutch engaging position in which latter case the ball 205 engages inthe lower recess 203, this latter position corresponding. to power cylinder venting and clutch engagement. In this latter case it will 'be understood that the spring IBI is under tension and ready to pulldown the piston I 63 and-open the suction line and re` lease the clutch `Whenever the pressure on 2II is relieved. The means to apply'and release the `pressure on 2| l'will be described below'.t In the act of raising the piston I63 by means of* the cam I9| or the wedge |91, the upper spring |69,l

which is of somewhat less strength than spring I8| is first compressed. lIn consequence a Quick release is assured when the locking detent operable through plunger 2| I is released.v

A cylindrical lblock 2I5 (see Fig. 6) is suitably secured by fastening means (not shown) to any convenient adjacent fixture. conveniently be a projection of part |80. Rotatably mounted `at one'end, of block 2|5 is a slotted collar 22|'. Rotatable with respect to the collar 22| and embracing it, is sleeve 221 and lever 235 retained in position by fastening means 225. A sleeve 221 is rotatably supported on the slotted collar 22| and fixed to the lever 235. The sleeve 221 is provided with a long lug 233 as best shown in Fig. 8. A helical spring 229 snugly embraces `the block 2I'5 within the sleeve 22|. It has ends 23| and 23| extending radially through the slot 230.V These ends 23| and 23| occupy positions spaced apart less than the arcuate dimensions of the vslot 230. Axially extended between the spring' 'ends is a lug 233 extending fromrthe .lever 235 and attached to the sleeve 221.V The slotted collar 22| is provided with a Afweak spring 231 is suitably anchored and attached to the'lever' 23-5. When the lever arm f235 is rockedagainst the action of spring 231I4 it moves-one end of the spring 229 and unwinds'it and thereby overcomes the friction in lthe spring'upon the block.` Further motion of the lever 235 and the lugV 233# causes the said end off the spring to engage the This fixture may t' betweenvthe upper and lower parts is a centerlng spring 245 which tends'to maintain alinement between ther axes of the upper andV lower parts. The'upper part carries a two-arm cam 241 having'upper and lower ends either of which ends 'is operable to rro'clr clockwiseallever 249 when the lever 24| is rocked from the` position shown in .I fforrexample.. When Vso rocked it pulls the cableof a Bowden wire,the ends of which are connected to the lever 249 and to the lever arm 235. Theilower'partof the gearshift lever 243 has a swell iltted loosely into a recess 'cut inthe upper portion of va member l255, which Vis operatively attached to the shifter fork 251.

4 vGear 258 is keyed in the customary .manner tojanextension l0i' the main 'clutch shaft 9| 4rshownpin Fig. 2, and is in constant mesh with gearl 259, "a portion of which is shown in Fig. l.

- Gear-2.259 is Vthe vdriver for the'countershaft gears kwhich are .selectively meshed for different speedV ratios by movement of leverl 24,3'. y

' Shaft 260 lis .the output or load shaft of the gear transmission, andis joined tothe nal drive through the customary. universal joints fand shafting, (not shown). The left endof this shaft l 260 isshown vvvpilotedladjacent togear 258,.and

. ly'slidable by motion of the fork 251.

v shown on Fig. l the vacuum for clutchl operation The extending portion ofgear 258 has an internally toothed clutch 262,v which is meshable with the extending portion of gearbody 261|.

The extension of gear 258 affords a co-axial friction surface 263, which is engaged vby syn- 'chronizer cone 264, the latter Vbeing mounted .from the rod |13 whereby a positive force may be had to pull or push rod`v|13 whichoperates to move thev piston |63' and to thereby openthej` clutch by vacuum or relieve same. Sleeve. 95, rod

I6I and valve |5| ,constitute ay recording device 1' capable of enforcing the clutching action as determined bythe assembly I03-I05-I01'and the speed differenceconditions of shafts 13 and 9|.

The operation is substantially as follows:

AsV long as the buttonl |35 is positioned as is not available. Thereis no' communication between the manifold I3 and thel chamber f',|23. Chamber |23 is. vented torihe atmosphere through opening '|3I. Undenthese circumlface and the pressure plate as usual.

stances the operation of the car is strictly conventional.

If it be desired to render available the vacuum clutch operating mechanism, the button |35 is pushed in to open communication between the manifold I3 and the chamber |23, the vent opening |3| being closed. When now the piston |63 is in its upper position it serves to close the communication between pipe |21 and chamber |23. In that position it also serves to open communication between the power cylinder and the outer atmosphere through opening |25, openings 65 and |61 in the piston 63, and the air pipe |39. Spring |8| biases the piston to its lower-clutch releasedposition Plunger 2H, when pressed inwardly by the cam arm 223, presses the ball 205 toward the wall of the piston |63 and may enter one of the two recesses or 203 in the piston wall. This resilient pressure serves to hold the piston |63 in either of its two positions.

For the purpose of further explaining the operation of the device let it be assumed that from the position shown by Fig. l the button |35 is pushed inwardly to render the vacuum device operable; that the spring |8| is holding the piston valve |63 inwardlyas shown; that the accelerator pedal is released; that the gear shift lever is in neutral; and that the engine is running. Since suction is holding lthe clutch released, the operator may shift the lever 24| at will. The rst motion of the lever 24| takes up the lost motion relative to lever 243. In so doing it pulls the Bowden Wire 25| and rocks the lever 235, and with it the cam 223 as explained above to push inwardly on plunger 2| The ball 205 is thus held firmly in the upper recess and under the pressure of spring 2|3 serves to resist reciprocation of the piston |63. Further movement of the lever 24| moves the -lever 243 and makesit shift, forl example, to low speed. During this movementl the clutch remains disengaged and additional pressure is imparted to .plunger 2|| by the cam lever 223. It may be explained at'this point that after the lever 243 assumes the angular position, as for low speed, and when the hand pressure on lever 24| is removed, the spring 245 rrestores the upper lever member 24| into alignment with the lower lever element 243. This action only partially restores the c'am 241 toward the position shown in Fig. 1. The partial return movement is still operative to hold the lever 249 in a position to retain the detent device 205 in operative position. The accelerator pedal 21 is then depressed, speeding up the engine and rotating the cam |9|. This rotation of the cam |9| lifts the disc |81 and the piston |63 against the friction between the piston wall and the ball 205. When the openingn |65 in the piston registers with the opening |25 in the power cylinder, the ball 205 enters the lower recess 203 whereby the detent holds the piston 63 in its upper position with spring ISI under tension. Air may then enter through pipe |39 and destroy the vacuum in the power cylinder, v'hereupon the clutch springs 80 push the pressure plate toward the flywheel and engage the driven plate between the flywheel Any inequality in the rate of rotation in the driving and driven plates operates at once through the instrumentality of sleeve 95 which moves piston |5| to choke the air passage through opening |53 (see Fig. 3) and thereby serves to delay the venting of the power cylinder. When the two partsV of the clutch have a synchronized rate of rotation, the venting is complete and the clutch fully engaged.

Attention is directed to the peculiar operation of bleed valve |5| which controls the admission of air to the vacuum chamber of power cylinder Since engine shaft 13 and clutch driven shaft 9| turn always in the same direction; that is, counterclockwise in the motor car of today, whatever drag is imparted to sleeve 95 and flange 91, caused by asynchronous speeds of the shafts, is in the same hand of rotation; therefore links |6|-|6|' to valve |5| are extended by rotational eifortl of flange 91 so as to cause valve |53 to move from the position of Fig. 3. Such tensioning force compresses spring as the movement takes place, andthe air aperture between port |45 and valve |53 decreases in magnitude proportional to the asynchronous indicator action of sleeve 95 as resisted by adjustable spring |55. Extremely high differences in speed between the input and output shafts of the clutch may cause ports |45 to be blocked entirely by valve |5|, whereupon the main clutch plates will drift together very slowly as air leakage past the seats of valve |5| in cylinder |43 takes place. This type of action serves as a safeguard against abuse ofthe mechanism. When the disproportion in shaft speeds begins to diminish, the valve |5| moves to uncover port |45 once more, eventually opening the bleed line |39 fully to atmosphere as synchronism is achieved.

The car is then driven by the further depression'of the accelerator pedal up to a speed where a change to a higher driving ratio is desired. It is no longer necessary, as heretofore, to depress the clutch pedal prior to shifting the shift lever. 'I'he accelerator pedal is released, thereby rotatingl cam |9| so that the power cylinder may be opened to suction where the pressure on vthe detent device is relieved to permit spring |8| to withdraw the piston |63. 'I'he rst movement of lever 24| takes up the lost motion relative to lever 243, Vthereby rotating cam '241 sufficiently to let the lever 249 lie at against it, thereby relieving the pressure on the detent device. If the shift lever is held in this position the clutch is released by the action of spring |8| upon valve |63 while the gears are still engaged. If held in this way the car will be in a free Wheeling condition. To shiftinto second speed, the lever may be further manipulated to engage the proper clutch or gear in the transmission, this operation locking the detent as before. Depression of the accelerator pedal operates to push up the. piston |63 and vent the power cylinder whereby the clutch engages. The same sequence ofl operating steps is available Afor other shifting movements.

With the car engine stopped, there being no vacuum available', the main clutch plates are normally held together by springs 80. When the engine is started, vacuum is built up and since spring |8| is active, vacuum valve is positioned so as to open the main clutch immediately.

In a car stopped condition, the prior movement of the gear lever Vfrom a gear position to neutral has rocked cam 223 to a position such that stresson poppet mechanism 235-205 is relieved, allowing spring |8| to pullthe vacuum valve into such a position that the clutch motor 254||5 is actuated and the clutch is opened.

Now the movement of the gear lever from neutral toward a gear setting rotates the high spot of cam 223 to such a position that poppet mechanism 23S-205 is loaded, and Ytends to hold e Y w y fv 2,268,916 Vvalve in either open or closed position by virtue of-notches 20 I203. This preloading ofthe poppet determines that upon the next movementKV ofthe accelerator pedal, which rocks plate" |'0|,

the spring of poppet 205 will bemomentarily overcome, but valve will `now be in the closed position, and poppet will beactive to hold the valve closed against the openingactionV of spring |8|, so long'as gear. lever is .retained in afgear engaged position.

Initial movement of the gear lever away from a gear'engaged position rotates cam 223 so as t -the retention kof that pedal beingi'or useinstart# CTI ing before engine suction isjavailable and for emergency purposes. At other'timesjthe conventional'and easy movements of the shift lever perform all necessary operations and. in addition. and if desired, theV car canebe driven in'free Y wheeling by 'merely partially moving the shift lever with the accelerator pedal relaxed. The

.button |35'is to beusedwhen it is'desired to change from the automatic control to standard orconventional control. 'I'he only die'rence in -k lthe two types 'ofy eontre1 is that in the lattery the to relieve 'the' stress on the poppet, so as to y permit spring |8| to move thevacuumfvalve to clutch release position before shifter fork 243 is moved far enough to exert a de-meshingof a gear or clutch. Lost motion between 24| and 243 permits such clutch releasing movement.

After this occurs, there is no drive through thegears or through the main clutch. Subsequent movementl of the gear lever toward a gear driving position rock's'either end of cam 241 so as to position cam 223 anew for loading the poppet. Y

fWhen the'car is-in motion withethe engine driving', and the mainclutch engaged, the' vacuum valve |53 vis held in the position to admit air Ito the diaphragm'charnber, by rpoppet 205.

Nowv at any time thev car driver may freewheelL by moving the gear lever'v from "the existing gear position only sumciently torunloadthepoppet,

whereupon the spring |8| will pull' the vacuum valve to the clutch disengagedv position. The gears or clutches in the transmission have not been demeshed, but the main clutch relements are now separated. Subsequent depression'of either :clutch' or accelerator `pedal will thrust valve |03 intobleed position whereupon the synchronizer spring |01 and valve 15| will regulate the rate of clutch re-engagement. Y

' Thus it'will be seen that the car driver may coast in any gear by'moving the'gear lever toward neutral far enough to unload the DODPet 205, and'can re-synchronize and engage the clutch at will by simple` movement of ythe accele erator or clutch pedals. l Y.

In order to effect clutch movement quickly at any time by direct mechanical operation, use may be had of the dash button 253 connecting `with the extension of rod |13.

The association of this shift mechanism withV the friction clutch further resists 'the lever-movepedal y|11 must be' used `in `the customary manner.' 1

In some prior constructions employing Vautematic vacuum 'release of the clutch the release is eiectedby and simultaneously with Athe releaseof the accelerator pedal. ,In` consequencev the` carV always coasts'out ofcontrol whenapf proaching a traillcfstop light from the moment when the accelerator pedal is released.V With this construction such action does not occur unless lthe operator wishes itfand takes a definite step to accomplish it. In accordance with the present invention, ,as a car approaches a stop sige nal,y removal of the pressure on the accelerator pedal' does not release' the clutch and retarda- 'tionLof'the carV4 underthe inuenceof'theeengine acting as a brakefoc'curs. If the tramo light changesbei'orethe car speed is appreciably Y Y l 'checked the operator need only depress the accelerator pedal to drive on. yIf he is forced 'to f stop, a 'slight movement Vof lever 24|V serves to release the clutch. In this wayhe is 'enabled to VfreeV wheel. He maycomplete the movement ofrgear shifting 'at once if he desires, since the clutch was released by'the'ilrst movement 'of ther lever 24| andthe piston |63 continues Vto be held in e1uth re1easingpos1tion by the detent and isso hel-d until theaccelerator l'pedal again operates to lift the piston '|63 and ventV the power cylinder. e v e y v The mechanical control' for the v'mainjclutch actuating mechanism is a particular partofmy invention. An` alternative structure to that shown in Figures 5. 6, 7, and 8v is'given in Figs. 9, 10,7'11, a'ndflZ, V wherein thegripping element, a helical spring, is of the expanding instead of the contracting'type. In these figures Vthe Afixedv element 2|5' 'is a drum or shell, the control 'mem-l ber 235 is attached to the, slotted hollow piece 221', and the cam 223' ofthe positioned element 22| carries a key orV lug 233. The helical spring member 229' has two ends 23| and 23|" which are turnedv inwardsin the slot 230', and itis stressed so as to be initiallyexpanded against the ilxed shell 2| 5'. Motionlof the control member 235 relieves the lockingtension-of the helical spring, when movedin either direction. This motion Yis transmitted to theV lug 233 which is rigidly attached to the', positioned element 22|. Resistance of thecam 223 o'r the positioned elefment 22|" to which'it is fixed cannot prevent ment. lThereafter when synchronismY occurs the jaw teeth engage as a result of a movementy of Y Vt5 lever 243 relative to lever 24| under ,the influence of the pressure of spring 245. The opera-` tor notices the relief from his manual effort in holding spring 245 under compression when the jaw teeth engage. i l

One very important feature' 'of this invention 'is the Vsimplicity of theoperatingmechanism.

The operator uses an acceleratorpedal and a .shift lever in the usual way. He is freed from the use of the clutch pedal in shifting-gears,

the control member 235': from setting the cam ina predetermined position, after vwhich any re`- actioneforce on the cam tending to rotate; it is prevented by the helical spring locking the assembly to'- the fixedv drum.A 215'.. `It will be seen that this mechanism vis irreversible. y

A 1. In combination, an engine, a clutch, echange speed transmission havingv a ratio changing means, power lnensto release the clutch, 'means operated by the'rst part of the' movement of lthe ratio changing means from a driving position the clutch, and additional means manually operable upon the said power means to permit said clutch to engage.

2. In combination, an engine, a clutch, a change speed transmission having a ratio changing means, power means to release the clutchV control mechanism for said power means, yieldably operable means to bias the control mechanism -to clutch releasing position, means operated by the ratio changing means in moving from one driving ratio position toward another to render the yielding means operative prior to the attainment oi another driving ratio position and additional manually operated means effective to operate said control mechanism Vwhereby said clutch is engaged. Y

3; The invention dened by claim 2, together with a throttle controlling member and mechansm operated thereby in throttle opening movement to overcome said yielding means and render Y inoperative said power means.

4. The invention deiined by claim 2, said ratio changing means including a detent operable to hold the yieldably operated means in positions of adjustment. .l

5. In combination, an engine having a throttle control member, a clutch, a change speed transmission having a ratio changing means, vacuum operated means to release the clutch, said means including a power cylinder and a movable valve, yieldably operated means to bias said valve to a position wherein the power cylinder is operable to release the clutch, detent means operable to hold said valve in its positions of clutch engagement or release, mechanism operated lby the ratio changing means to control said detent means, means operable in response to throttle opening movement of the throttle controlling member to move the yieldably operated means against the yielding force imparted .thereto and against the action of the detent means into clutch engaging position.

6. In combination, an engine having a throttle controlling member, a clutch, a change speed transmission having a ratio changing means, a power unit to release the clutch, means dependent upon actuation of the throttle controlling member'to render 'the power unit inoperative to release the clutch, and additional yielding means normally operable to render the power unit active, and detent means operated by the ratio changing means to prevent the action of the yielding means whereby the powerrunit may be held in clutch-engaging position.

7. 'I'he invention defined' by claim 6 together with means responsive to relative rotary movements of the driving and driven members of the clutch tendingto delay the full action of clutch reengagement until the driving and driven members rotate at approximate synchronism.

8. In combination, an engine having a source of suction, a throttle valve operating member retracting means therefor, a clutch, change speed mechanism having speed ratio changing controls, power mechanism operated by suction iromsaid source to release the clutch, a valve Ydevice to control said power mechanism operable in a rst position to open communication between the source of suction and the power mechanism and in a second position operable tov vent the power mechanism, yieldable means independent of said first named means operative to move said valve to its iirst position, a connection whereby the throttle valve operating member may overcome to render the power means operable to release said yielding means and move said valve to its second position and a connection between said speed ratio controls and said device whereby normal shifting movement of said controls iniiuences the action of said valve mechanism.

9. The invention defined by claim 8 together with a detent device operable'to hold said valve in its positions of adjustment.

10. The invention defined by claim 8 together with a detent device operable to hold said valve in its positions of adjustmentand aconnection between said detent device and said ratio chang- .ing means whereby the said means. controls the detent. i

ll. In combination, an engine, a clutch, vacuum operated means to release the clutch, a valve movable to a first position to render said vacuum operated means operative to release the clutch, and to a second position to vent the vacuum operated means, said venting including a second Y the said speed control for the engine permits or prevents the operation of the auxiliary power clutch actuating means.

13. In combination, an engine and speed control therefor, an auxiliary power operated clutch, and control means therefor, associated means for controlling said clutch by said engine speed control, a power transmission and a ratio selecting means therefor, and means actuated by the normal direct selection movement of said ratio selecting means eiective to influence the movement of said clutch thru a lost motion connection.

14. In a power transmission mechanism, a clutch comprising driving and driven elements, means to modify the speed ratio of power transmission, auxiliary power means to actuate the clutch, and controlsy therefor, speed synchronizing means for at least one of the diiferent speed ratios, connecting means betweenI the auxiliary power control for the clutch and the speed ratio modifying means whereby the latter may cause disengagement of the clutch, means for cornpelling engagement of the clutch, means permitting said compelling means to act consisting of a device responsive to the diiference in speed of the clutch driving and driven elements and means whereby selection movementof the speed ratio modifying means is effective to initiate the action of said auxiliary power means.

15. In a clutch control system,'a clutch, auxiliary power operating means for the clutch, controls for said means including means normally energized to cause said auxiliary power operating means to disengage the clutch, means for regulating said auxiliary power operating means to ypermit engagement of the clutch, and additional means for controlling the rate of engagement of said clutch including mechanism directly acting between and responsive to asynchronous speeds of the clutch members.

v16. In a motor vehicle, in combination, a clutch, engaging and disengaging means for the clutch, controls for said means including means for regulating the rate of clutch engagement and a di-i:

rectly acting differential mechanism directly acting in the same direction as theclutch and `re sponsive to any asynchronous Speeds of the clutch members for controlling said regulating means.

17. In combination, in power transmission devices, a power input shaft, apower output shaft,

Y a friction clutching device. capablemof` rotation#- ally connecting said shafts, means normally active to compel engagement of said clutchingdevice, auxiliary power means for disen'gaging` saidclutching device, 'andV re-engagement control means co-acting with said yshafts and including `mechanism directly acting between'and responsive to speed differences existing. between the said shafts. Y

18. In powerV transmissions, incornbination,y two shafts to be clutched together, clutching de vices on each' of said shafts, torsional synchronism responsive `means directly stressed by elements rotating with each of said shafts, and

l clutch engagement control meansconnected to said rst'named means. 19. In power transmissions, in a power shaft, -a load shaft,v a friction clutch -connecting said shafts, a clutch control mechanism,

and a synchronism responsive device concentric to said shafts, said device being directly operative t in the same direction of rotation of -said shafts f to influence thefactionof said mechanism. 20. In power transmission controls, two shafts to be clutchedltogether, a clutch adapted to couple said shafts, an element directly partakingpof the rotational movement of onev ofthe shafts, aV second element directly partaking of therotacombination, v

' during y speed ratio changing intervals establishedby said control for saidimansmission.y

.. '23..In power transmission control, incom- `bination, two shafts, rrritual clutch elements operatively-connected toteacli` of :said shafts,V means to compelN engagement of said clutch elements,V

means -to restrain saidlcornpelling action,l a syny ,chronizer device concentricl tops/aid shafts ,directly responsive to speed differences between the shafts..7^ g Y Y y Y V24. kInpower transmission control in combishafts, means associatedzwitheach of said shafts toinfluencethe action of said device,rand,a ,con-

nection between said device andsaid restraining f Y means whereby said compelling vmeans is Vmade effective within synchronous speed ranges of said nation, two shafts, mutual clutch elementsA operativelyconnected to each'fof said shafts, means to compel engagement ofzsaid clutch elements.' e meanswto'restrain said compellingactiomla syn- .chronizer device associatedfwith said shafts and constantly active to register speed differences between saidshafts, means associated witheach tional movement of theY other of.saidgshafts,an n.

- intermediate element directly acted upon by both said rst named elements, al clutchr engagey ment control device for said clutch, and means connected to said device influenced by saidintermediate element effective to ,control the rate of clutching together of saidfshafts. g

'21. In a power transmission and clutch assem- 1 bly, in combination, a power shaft, achangespeed transmission providing aY plurality of driving of-said shafts to influence the actionlof said device,i and Va. connection between said device -Y and Vsaid restraining means whereby said compelling c means is madeeffectivewithin synchronousspeed ranges of saidvshafts.- Y v Y 25. jIn power transmission control,v in. combination, two:shafts, mutual clutch elements operativelyconnectedto each of saidy shafts, preloaded `means to compel/engagement of said clutch elements, Lmeans to restrain said compelling action, a synchronizervdevice concentricfto said shafts directly responsive to 4speedediiferences between theshafts,-means associated with, y each Yof saidV shafts to iniiuence the action of. saidrdevice, anda connection between said Adevice -andsaid restraining means wherebyfsaid compelling meanszis made effective .within'synchronousspee'd ranges. of said shafts.4

26. A clutching vmechanism comprising a Vfric- A`tionclutch, spring tensioned synchronism control means associated with the driving and thedrive'n speed ratios between an input and an output,

shaft, ratio selecting means for said transmission,

a clutch associated with said transmission having elements connected to said power shaft and driv-.'

ing saidV transmission input, shaft, `voperating means for said clutch, a device adapted` tocause synchronous engagement of the driving 'speed ratios of said transmission made operative by, se# lecting movement of said ratio selecting means, clutch engagement control mechanism coacting with the said operating means for said clutch and tending to cause vengagement ofsaid clutchl elements at synchronous speeds of said power shaft and said input shaft, and ,control apparatus operatively associated with said ratio selecting means and said clutch operating means such that upon movement of said apparatus for change elements of said clutch, and a connected permitting mechanism eiectiveto control engagement of saidclutch, a portion of lsaid mechanism comprisinga detent operative toglock a valve element of said mechanism in clutch engaging Vor disensasing position.

e j 211. In power transmission mechanism, an.en'

:l gine having a suction space, a clutch, a'variable yof transmission ratio the said means are made n effective in sequence. v

22. In power transmissions, in combination, a

Y power shaft,va load shaft, a clutch intermediate said shafts, a 4speed ratio changing transmission likewise intermediate said shafts, a control for said transmission, synchronizing` control ameans effective to regulate the rate of the engagement f of said clutch, and synchronizing control `means for the driving engagement of said `gearingzboth said meansbeing arranged such that theyvare made consecutively and' sequentially operative ,speedtransmissiom ratio selecting'v means for lsaid transmission, a servo deviceoperative by suction derived from said suctionspace to disengage said clutch, a vclutchr disengaging control connected to said device, lsaid first named control being actuated by ratioselecting movementY of said means, and a -clutch engaging control con-'- nected to said device, said last named control being inactive tovariations inthe degree of suction during the clutch engagement interval.

lmeans for varying the speed of vsaid prime mover f end for operating said clutch, conjointlylwith change speed control vmovernentsof said control element. l

29. powertransmissions, in combination,1 an enginegand a clutch, .lever controlledn mechar Y nism eective to provide coasting by disengagement of said clutch, a pedal commonly controlling the speedy of said engine and the engagement of said clutch, a second pedal operativeto engage or disengage said clutch and means whereby movement of either pedal is operative to compel engine braking through engagement of said clutch.

30. In automatic clutch controls, for automotive vehicles, lin combination, a clutch, a fluid pressure device effective to disengage saidV clutch, a control mechanism for' said fluid pressure device, a lever connected to said mechanism operative only to cause clutch disengagement, and additional means connected to said mechanism operative only to cause clutch engagement.

3l. In power transmission controls, in combination an engine and a clutch, a pedal operative to control commonly the speed of said engineA and the engagement of said clutch, a separate pedal effective during a portion of its movement to cause engagement of said clutch, and means whereby the rate of clutch engagement is synchronously controlled during operation of both pedals. l

32.` In an engine, transmission and clutch assembly, in combination, a clutch control mechanism, a ratio shifting lever, anV engine throttle control interconnected with said mechanism, means responsive to movement of said lever toward or from a selected transmission driving position to effect clutch disengagement, and means coacting with said first named means whereby movement of said throttle control is thereafter effective to engage the clutch.

33. In an engine, variable speed vtransmission and clutch assembly, a control device adapted to select a plurality of variable speed ratios of said transmission, control mechanism for disengaging and engaging the said clutch assembly to provide a neutral dwell during the changesof speed ratio of said transmission by said control device, a control lever connected to said vmechanism and to said device shiftable into and out of a plurality of speed ratio positions and adapted to cause said mechanism to declutch said clutch under predetermined normal positioning of said lever, and additional means effective upon the action of said control mechanism for completing the speed change driving interval initiated by the said lever in sequence, said additional means being coincidentally operative to control the speed of said engine. A

34. In power transmission mechanism, in combination a change speed transmission, a clutch comprising driving and driven elements, means adaptedtochange the speed ratio of power transmission, mechanism connected to said rst named means operative to establish a disengaged condition of said clutch, engagement-compelling means for said clutch, an auxiliary power device operative to overcome said compelling means, a s'eparate manual control effective to establish clutch engagement at the will of the operator, and an auxiliary manual control whereby said clutch may be engaged or disengaged independently of said last named means and said device.

35. In power transmission controls, in combination, a power clutch Acoupling two shafts, a

fluid pressure servo mechanism operative to disengage said clutch or to permit engagement, a control valve device for saidv mechanism, an actuating member for said device, a restraining means for said device, and flexible Vmeans joining said valve with said actuating member where- 36. In a. vehicle driven by an internal combus` tion engine, a driving control apparatus comprising a clutch for said engine, a lever controlled servo-'motor operative to disengage said clutch, and a control means associated with said apparatus whereby the clutch is prevented from engagement while any asynchronous speeds between the disengaged clutch members exist.

37. In automatic clutch devices for power transmissions, a pedal operative'to control clutching, associatel means for controlling declutching, and an independent control effective to control clutching and/or declutching regardless of the settings of either of said pedal or said means.

38.*In combination, an engine, a clutch, a change speed transmission driven by said clutch andA having a ratio changing means, auxiliary means to release the clutch, additional means effective during a part of the movement of said ratio changing means to render said auxiliary means operable to release the clutch, pedal operated means operative to restore said clutch to engagement and an additional pedal effective to overcome the action of said auxiliary means at any time.

39. In combination, an eng-ine and speed control therefor, an auxiliaryl power operated clutch, and control means therefor, associated means for'controlling said` clutch by said engine speed control, a variable speed power transmission, a ratio selecting lever therefor, and means whereby the normal shift selection movement of said lever toward or from an operative position is effective to influence the action of said clutch said last named means including a lost motion connection.

40. In combination a prime mover, a speed control for said prime mover, a variable speed transmission, a clutch operative to connect said prime mover and said transmission, a control mechanism for said clutch, speed synchronization means for said clutch, speed synchronization means for said transmission, and selection means for said transmission effective to initiate cyclic, successive engagement of synchronized drive for both said clutch and said transmission.

' 41. In a synchronism control for clutchdevices an input shaft, an output shaft, an element responsive to differential rotation action when the input shaft is rotating faster than the output shaft, and a second element responsive to differential rotation active when the input shaft is rotating slower than the output shaft, both said elements being inactive when synchronous speeds exist. r

42. A driving member a driven member a clutch adapted -to transmit drive between said members, an interposed mechanism comprising means responsive to differential rotation between said members, said means consisting of oppositely wound helical elements, a third element adapted to be actuated by either of said elements, said third element beingeffective to register synchronous and non-synchronous speed conditions of said members.

43. In a synchronization control for power couplings, in combination, a power shaft, a load shaft, a coupling adapted to transmit drive between said shafts,`a control mechanism for said coupling, a device interposed operatively between portions of said shafts comprising a flexible means active when one of said shafts is rotating faster than the other, a second exible means I asesora active whenthe other of said shafts is rotating faster than the first, and a member m'oved by either of said meanseffective to register the synchronous or asynchronous speeds of said shafts upon said control mechanism.

44. In powertransmission devices, in combination, a friction clutch comprising driving and driven elements, a friction surface rotating-at the speed of said driving element, a friction surface rotating at the speed of said driven element.

Y an intermediate device contacting with and directionally responsive to dierential @rotation of said surfaces, and meansv acted upon-by-said device Y effective to regulate the rate of engagement of said friction clutch. A

45. In automotive vehicles, in combination, Yan

engine, amain clutch, main clutch driven shaft,

anaccelerator foot pedal, means responsive tothe action of said pedal for initiating the engagementaction of said clutch, and means controlled jointyly by the speeds of said engine and said shaft operative to cause engagement of said clutch when said speeds are substantially synchronous. 46. In power control devices, in combination, a power shaft and a load shaft, a friction clutch Y adapted to couple said shafts, a change-speed` tooperate said mechanism, control means for said valving operated by and with said engine throttle control in accordance with increase and n decrease of engine speed determined by said throttle controlsaid control means including a Jost-motion connection. and auxiliary control means connected to said valving control means through said lost-motionconnection suclrthat4 Vsaid valving may be moved to render said servo motor effective to shift said mechanism to declutched position at the will of the operator.

Y 49. In power devices, .inl combination, vari engageable 'and dlsengageablel coupling, a control for said'coupling, a driving element and a driven Velementjoined by `said coupling, an intermediate element interposed between and subject torela- Y pling in accordance Vwith said differential of l speeds of said driving and driven elements.

gearA driven by said load shaft," a ratio control member for said gear normally movable to and from gear drive estabiishing'positiona'biasing means tending to hold said clutch engaged, auxiliary` power means arranged to overcome said biasing means and to disengage said clutch, conj tion, a clutch embodying inputiand output elements, power meansl to operatesaid clutch, control mechanism for said means, a pedal arranged to operate said clutch by normal manual effort applied solely to lrocking'of sshd pedal between` clutch engaged and disengaged positions, and

tivespeeds of rotationof said elements, said intermediate element assuming a plurality of posi-- tions in accordance with the differential of speeds of said driving and driven elements, and a de vice connected' to and operated by saidy intermediate element and connected to saidr control, effective to regulate the driving engagement of said cou- 50. In power control mechanism, in combination, a clutch device having input and output shafts, an interposed mechanism directly responsive to speed differences in the same direction of rotation of said shafts, means to engage and v disengage said clutch, and interconnected means operativeVV between44 said means and said mecha- Y ynisin to control the-rate' of engagement of said clutch device'.Q;

l power member, an output power member, a couf pling ljoining said members, an interposed element having a friction' facel in contact with a correk.sponding face ofthe input power member, and a auxiliary means interconnecting said pedal and said mechanismroperative to renderA said ,power l means ineifective upon a first movement of said pedal applied thereto` as aforesaid.

48. InV power devices, in combinatioman Vengine. a throttle-'control for `said engine, a load shaft, a source of subatmospherlc pressure maintained by [rotation of said engine, a servo motor adapted to be operated by said sub-atmospheric pressure, a clutch mechanism coupling said engine and'saidmaft and operable by said motor, piping connecting said source and said servo motor, valvingy located in saidpiping intermediate said source and-said servo motor effective to render the servo motor effective and Vineective Y second face in contact with a corresponding face ofthe output lpower member, d mechanism responsive'to movement ofl said lement operative to control the engagement of said coupling.

52. In pbwer'control devices,'in combination, an enginethrottle control, a friction clutch, a variable speed gearing driven by saidclutch, biasing means tending tohold said clutch engaged, auxiliary power means veffective to overcome said biasing means, control means' for said power means manipulable by said throttle control and i normally effective to causesaid power means to become activesuch` that the saidbiasing means A is ineffective .to ,hold said clutch engaged, and

leffective whensaid throttle control is 'moved to Vincrease throttle setting to render the Vpower means inactive and the biasingmeans effective; a gea'rratioy control memberpfor said gearing normally movable toand from gear drive. estab- 'lishingpositiona and manually operable auxiliary mechanism moved solely by'such normal movement of said gear ratiocontrol memberei'fective to operate said auxiliary power control `means@ suchV thatj initiation of either clutching or. de'- by said clutch is Obtained.

clutching action I C.1WILmSON 51. Inpowerdevices'in combination, an input' l 

